How Do Solar Panels Work?

Ground mounted Solar array

Solar modules (panels) are the key to unlocking the incredible potential of energy from the sun. Solar modules convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic (PV) effect. Here's a simplified breakdown of how solar panels work:

1. Sunlight Absorption: Solar panels consist of individual solar cells, typically made from silicon. When sunlight shines on the solar cells, they absorb photons (particles of light energy).

2. Electron Excitation: As the photons strike the solar cells, they energize electrons in the silicon atoms, causing them to break free from their atomic bonds.

3. Electrical Current Generation: The freed electrons flow through the solar cells, creating a direct current (DC) of electricity. The flow of electrons is directed through conductive wires within the panel.

4. Inverter Conversion: The DC electricity generated by the solar panels is then sent to an inverter, which converts it into alternating current (AC) electricity. AC power is the type of electricity used in homes and businesses.